Under California law, the same traffic laws that apply to traditional, human-powered bicycles also apply to e-bikes. E-bikes do not require vehicle registration, a driver’s license, or insurance.

E-Bike Classification

California categorizes e-bikes into three classes, each with different rules regarding where and how they may be operated. Riders in the City of Pacifica should be familiar with their e-bike's class and ensure they are riding in compliance with state and local regulations.

Class 1 – Pedal-Assist E-Bike

• Motor activates only when pedaling.
• Maximum assisted speed: 20 mph.
• Permitted wherever traditional bicycles are allowed, including bike lanes, trails, and roadways.
• Helmet required for riders and passengers under 18 years old.

Class 2 – Throttle-Assist E-Bike

• Motor can propel the bike without pedaling (throttle-controlled).
• Maximum speed: 20 mph.
• Permitted wherever bicycles are allowed.
• Helmet required for riders and passengers under 18 years old.

Class 3 – Pedal-Assist E-Bike (High-Speed)

• Motor provides assistance only when pedaling.
• Maximum assisted speed: 28 mph.
• Not allowed on multi-use paths or trails unless adjacent to a roadway. Permitted in bike lanes and separated bikeways along roads.
• Riders must be at least 16 years old.
• Helmet required for all riders and passengers, regardless of age.
• Note: Any e-bike capable of speeds over 28 mph is not street-legal and may be classified as a motorcycle.

 What Is an E-Motorcycle?

E-motorcycles—such as Sur-Ron, Talaria, 79-Bike, Rawrr Mantis, and Stark—fall under a separate category from e-bikes and are subject to motorcycle laws.

These vehicles are not considered bicycles under California law and must comply with all requirements for motorcycles, including:

• A Class M1 motorcycle license is required to operate.
• Must be registered with the California DMV.
• Liability insurance is required.
• Riders must wear a DOT-approved motorcycle helmet.
• These vehicles do not have pedals and are entirely motor-powered.
• Modifications such as adding turn signals, mirrors, and a license plate mount may be required before operating on public roads.
• Unregistered or modified e-motorcycles operated on public streets may be impounded and/or subject to citation.

Important Reminder from the Pacifica Police Department

Riders are encouraged to know the classification of their electric vehicle and ensure they are operating it safely, legally, and respectfully- especially in shared spaces like bike lanes, parks, and public roads. Misuse of electric vehicles can pose safety hazards to both the rider and the community.

Please email questions to Pacifica Police Department at Police@pacificapolice.org.

Additional resources:

Electric Bicycle Safety and Training